ABSTRACT
The quality of wastewater and the socioeconomic aspects of the life of the population are shown to be interrelated. It is proposed to use municipal wastewater to diagnose the health of the population, to assess the feeding preferences of city dwellers, the use of alcohol, tobacco, medicines, and drugs, to assess the exposure of the population to the effect of hazardous chemicals (PAH, pesticides, preserving agents, plasticizers, etc.), and to timely reveal deceases (including COVID-19). The authors proposed several biomarkers, which are recommended to use to monitor the water-resource system as a component of the urban ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
In the present work, an easy and conventional method has been adopted for the synthesis of novel quinoline alcohols in good yields. The structure of synthesized compounds was analysed by FTIR, 1 H, 13C NMR. The prepared compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against one Gram-positive bacteria, and two Gram-negative bacteria. The result showed moderate antimicrobial activities. Also, antioxidant capacities of the synthesized compounds were determined by using DPPH method. Using DFT-based structure optimization, the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of compounds (5a-c) were calculated theoretically at B3LYP in conjunction with the base 6-311G (d, p). Moreover, molecular docking studies were executed for the newly synthesized compounds to propose their mechanism of action against the coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Protease Inhibitor. Of all compounds, quinoline derivatives shows the strongest affinity to ligand-receptor (PDB ID: 6LU7). In silico ADME study was also performed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile which expressed good oral drug-like behavior © 2022
ABSTRACT
Microbial infections remain a grave threat to global health security due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has increased the risk of microbial and fungal infections. New therapeutic agents are needed to combat microbial infections. Two series of new clubbed 1,1'-biphenyl-pyrazole have been synthesized. The newly synthesized pyrazole derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against E. coli (NCIM 2574), P. mirabilis (NCIM 2388), B. subtilis (NCIM 2063), S. albus (NCIM 2178), and in vitro antifungal activity against A. niger (ATCC 504) and C. albicans (NCIM 3100). Compound 10b has shown good activity against P. mirabilis with MIC of 15.62 µg mL-1. Against C. albicans, eleven pyrazole derivatives 5c, 5e, 5f, 5g, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6e, 10b, 10c, and 11a have shown good antifungal activity with MIC of 62.5-31.25 µg mL-1. Also, against A. niger, seven compounds 5f, 5g, 6e, 10a, 10b, 10c, and 11b, have exhibited good activity with MIC of 62.5-31.25 µg mL-1. Compounds 6e, 10c, and 11b were further evaluated and showed ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition activity. Thus, the significant antimicrobial activity of 1-(3-substituted-4'-alkoxy-3'-(methylsulfonyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-substituted-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole, and 1-isobutyl-5-(4'-alkoxy-3'-(methylsulfonyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(fluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives indicate that these compounds could assist in the development of lead compounds to treat microbial infections. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
ABSTRACT
Increasing nonzoonotic human monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections urge reevaluation of inactivation strategies. We demonstrate efficient inactivation of MPXV by 2 World Health Organizationârecommended alcohol-based hand rub solutions. When compared with other (re)emerging enveloped viruses, MPXV displayed the greatest stability. Our results support rigorous adherence to use of alcohol-based disinfectants.
ABSTRACT
In the present work, an easy and conventional method has been adopted for the synthesis of novel quinoline alcohols in good yields. The structure of synthesized compounds was analysed by FTIR, 1 H, 13C NMR. The prepared compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against one Gram-positive bacteria, and two Gram-negative bacteria. The result showed moderate antimicrobial activities. Also, antioxidant capacities of the synthesized compounds were determined by using DPPH method. Using DFT-based structure optimization, the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of compounds (5a-c) were calculated theoretically at B3LYP in conjunction with the base 6-311G (d, p). Moreover, molecular docking studies were executed for the newly synthesized compounds to propose their mechanism of action against the coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Protease Inhibitor. Of all compounds, quinoline derivatives shows the strongest affinity to ligand-receptor (PDB ID: 6LU7). In silico ADME study was also performed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile which expressed good oral drug-like behavior
ABSTRACT
During the coronavirus pandemic, some brewers used free capacities for product development. Novel maltose-negative yeasts from the "Hefejagd" (yeast hunt) project of the Research Center Weihenstephan formed the basis for more yeast biodiversity. This article examined the tried-and-true method of producing non-alcoholic beer with Saccharomyces ludwigii and the yeast strains Cyberlindnera misumaiensis, Cyberlindnera saturnus, and Kluyveromyces marxianus and their properties. The spectrum for producing non-alcoholic beers with maltose-negative yeasts is practically unlimited. The Research Center Weihenstephan included just three novel candidates in its study;they had previously been used very successfully for the production of non-alcoholic beers. This technology is so fascinating because it can be used for the production of non-alcoholic beers as well as non-alcoholic malt-based beverages. Two novel yeasts that are POF positive, i.e., they produce 4-vinylguaiacol, typical of wheat beer, have been added to the program and are thus ideal for brewing non-alcoholic wheat beers. Note should also be taken of the fact that prior to the invention of pure yeast culture by Emil Christian Hansen and Paul Lindner, such "foreign yeasts" had all along contributed to beer flavor and "house flavor" in mixed populations. Lindner and Delbriick initially described the beers as "empty and neutral" following the invention of yeast puree cultures. The time has come to make "yeast accessories" available to brewers in a controlled and scientific manner and to produce a targeted house flavor. This applies to both the non-alcoholic and alcoholic beer sectors.
ABSTRACT
In today's global pandemic situation, as countries implement restrictions in an effort to reduce the number of persons infected with COVID-19, many people are attempting to make significant modifications to their everyday routines. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a severe loss of human life, especially among frontline workers, who are mostly those who operate in the sanitization and disinfection profession. The main objective of this paper is to develop a unmanned vehicle for instant disinfection and sanitize an area using a 6 WD Robot with achieving the proper and most important aim of unmanned operation using the vehicle with the help of 2.4 Ghz Radio link which provides the system or vehicle the flexibility of going anywhere covering a large distance without humans directly getting affected. It uses the functions of UV rays for the complete disinfection with the mixture, Using UV Lights and ethanol IP (95% v/v) - 62.00% w/w equivalent to 84.24% v/v∗ absolute alcohol denatured with isopropyl alcohol 3.1% Disinfect the area by simultaneously spraying and flashing the light used for complete eradication of Virus and sanitization of the places. This unmanned vehicle is developed for a 6WD vehicle based on the terrain and atmosphere. Need to design the appropriate body/frame, spray mechanism, payload tank, and atomizer for the 6WD vehicle. In terms of hygiene, it will have a significant influence since spots that are too tiny for humans to get will be accessible with the help of this machine. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the impact of the outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease (COVlD-19) upon public health-related knowledge. belief and practice among the public in China for providing references to public health decision-making.
ABSTRACT
Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the environmental impact of conventional synthetic plastics. Biopolymers are environmentally benign, chemically versatile, sustainable, biocompatible, biodegradable, inherently functional, and ecofriendly materials that exhibit tremendous potential for a wide range of applications including food, electronics, agriculture, textile, biomedical, and cosmetics. This review also inspires the researchers toward more consumption of biopolymer-based composite materials as an alternative to synthetic composite materials. Herein, an overview of the latest knowledge of different natural- and synthetic-based biodegradable polymers and their fiber-reinforced composites is presented. The review discusses different degradation mechanisms of biopolymer-based composites as well as their sustainability aspects. This review also elucidates current challenges, future opportunities, and emerging applications of biopolymeric sustainable composites in numerous engineering fields. Finally, this review proposes biopolymeric sustainable materials as a propitious solution to the contemporary environmental crisis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd.
ABSTRACT
During COVID-19 outbreak, alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) has been widely used for hand cleaning and removing pathogens including human pathogens and zoonosis pathogens. High concentration of alcohol induces dehydrated skin in the users. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate moisturizing property and antimicrobial activity of alcohol-based hand sanitizer formulations using coconut oil as a moisturizing agent against pathogens including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The properties including antimicrobial activity, stability of the ABHS, and satisfaction levels of the coconut oil with two existing formulations by WHO and the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand (MOPH) were determined. The formulation containing the coconut oil demonstrated antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8.75% V/V as same as MOPH. However, the WHO-modified formulation has the highest antimicrobial activity with the MIC value of 2.19% V/V. The stability result of 3 ABHSs showed that the preserved had the same efficacy compared to that of the fresh formulations. Hand washing with coconut formulation produced an average score of 7.19+or-1.71 on color, 7.06+or-1.56 on appearance, 5.82+or-2.10 on odor, 6.77+or-1.68 on moisture, 6.88+or-1.42 on overall acceptance out of 9. However, the sensory analysis of these three formulations results showed no significant difference in all parameters. The data suggest that moisturizing agents tested in our study do not affect the efficacy of ethanol. The coconut oil formulation is another good option for people searching for an effective hand sanitizer for germs protection and moisturizing.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tobacco use is a global public health concern due to its association with a myriad of health hazards and costs. Previous studies have found that the disinhibiting influence of alcohol consumption may lead to an increase in tobacco use. In this study, we investigated why alcohol consumption is associated with tobacco use among older adults in Western China, and we attempted to explain the mechanisms that underlie the link between alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed a representative sample of 812 urban individuals aged 60 and older in 2017 in Western China. Results: We found that alcohol consumption (OR = 2.816, 95%CI: 1.770–4.479) was positively associated with tobacco use. Additionally, other factors, including gender (OR = 0.023, 95%CI: 0.009–0.060), age (OR = 0.758, 95%CI: 0.634–0.906), health literacy (OR = 0.977, 95%CI: 0.959–0.995) and functional impairment (OR = 0.871, 95%CI: 0.767–0.988) were also strongly related to tobacco use. Conclusions: Consistent with the results of existing studies, our findings demonstrated the disinhibiting influence of alcohol consumption on tobacco use, which confirmed the theoretical mechanisms that underlie the alcohol–tobacco link and implied the co-occurrence and co-use of alcohol and tobacco, which are used as “social lubricants” in the Chinese context. The importance of other factors related to tobacco use were also discussed. As the tobacco epidemic is combatted, joint interventions tailored to concurrent control over alcohol and tobacco need to be performed, and corresponding male-specific and age-specific health education and the reinforcement of health literacy must be considered as important priorities.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to know awareness among hospitality students with respect to health benefits of mulled wine and to know about wine knowledge. During the COVID-19 pandemic situation it's important to take care of health and increase immunity system. The research to find about wine knowledge and importance of mulled wine awareness. Spices used for mulled wine are cloves and cinnamon and grated nutmeg. The awareness of mulled wine were taken from the participant over the age of 18. Responses were collected by means of an online questionnaire. The gained results showed that most of the hospitality students are not aware about mulled wine or they consider it can be taken during winter only but once they are aware more exposure will be there in wine market found by researcher. Mulled wine have less alcoholic content compare to red wine as well it has health benefit by its content can increase immunity system amongst consumer and in hotel it can be advice by server to guest explaining its benefits and most of the hotel can keep in their beverage menu.
ABSTRACT
The depleting fossil fuel reserves, rising air pollution, technology transformation threat, and most recently, global economic slowdown by the COVID-19 pandemic, led the internal combustion engine-based automotive industries in a critical condition. The development of improved biofuels to meet stringent emission norms is a promising solution. Higher alcohols possess the fuel properties better than lower alcohols to blend with diesel and biodiesel. The miscibility and higher viscosity is the issue. Preheating can help the vaporization and atomization of fuel. The present study investigates the engine characteristics of moderately preheated ternary fuel using 20 to 40% blends of 1-hexanol, waste cooking oil biodiesel, and diesel. The study found that moderately preheated ternary fuel blends showed a drop in brake-specific fuel consumption, HC, CO, and smoke emissions with improvement in peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and brake thermal efficiency. A multi-layer neural network model is developed to prognosticate the engine characteristics. Backpropagation algorithm-based neural network with single hidden layers using Levenberg–Marquardt training function gave the best results. The mean square error of the network was 0.00028517 and the correlation coefficient was 0.99944, 0.99945, and 0.99923 for training, validation, and testing respectively. The mean absolute percentage error was found below 4%. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
ABSTRACT
Background Globally, substance use is a leading contributor to the burden of disease among young people, with far reaching social, economic and health effects. Following a finding of harmful alcohol use among 5-8-year-old children in Mbale District, Uganda, this study aims to investigate community members’ views on early childhood substance use among children below the age of 10 years. Methods In 2016, we conducted eight focus group discussions with 48 parents and 26 key informant interviews with teachers, health workers, alcohol distributors, traditional healers, religious leaders, community leaders and youth workers. We used thematic content analysis. Four participants and two research assistants reviewed and confirmed the findings. Results Alcohol in everyday life: ‘Even children on laps taste alcohol’: Almost all participants confirmed the existence of and concern for substance use before age 10. They described a context where substance use was widespread in the community, especially intake of local alcoholic brews. Children would access substances in the home or buy it themselves. Those living in poor neighbourhoods or slums and children of brewers were described as particularly exposed. Using substances to cope: ‘We don’t want them to drink’: Participants explained that some used substances to cope with a lack of food and resources for childcare, as well as traumatic experiences. This made children in deprived families and street-connected children especially vulnerable to substance use. Participants believed this was a result of seeing no alternative solution. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the context and conditions of childhood substance use before age 10 in Mbale District, Uganda. The study shows that community members attributed early childhood substance use to a social context of widespread use in the community, which was exacerbated by conditions of material and emotional deprivation. These social determinants for this practice deserve public health attention and intervention.
ABSTRACT
Little is known about the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in relation to changes in frequency and amount of alcohol consumption. This study investigated associations between changes in alcohol consumption and the risk of both conditions. This study included 96,129 individuals without hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus aged ≥ 20 years between 2006 and 2008, with follow-up until 31 December 2015. This study identified 29,043 and 18,784 incident cases of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, respectively, during an average follow-up period of 6.2 ± 2.6 and 6.9 ± 1.9 years. This study measured changes in frequency and amount of alcohol consumption using standardized self-administered questionnaires over approximately 2 years. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the respective risks of the two conditions. Repeated occasional or frequent binge drinking was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (HR: 1.16 or 1.32;95% CI: 1.11, 1.21 or 1.16, 1.51) and type 2 diabetes (HR: 1.14 or 1.36;95% CI: 1.09, 1.20 or 1.17, 1.58) compared with continuous nondrinking. Reductions as well as increases in frequency of alcohol consumption among binge drinkers were associated with higher hypertension (HR: 1.29 or 1.30;95% CI: 1.11, 1.49 or 1.13, 1.49) and type 2 diabetes (HR: 1.26 or 1.56;95% CI: 1.06, 1.49 or 1.34, 1.81) risk. This study demonstrated that repeated binge drinking, even with a reduction of weekly alcohol consumption frequency, was associated with a higher risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
ABSTRACT
The complexity of predicting the impact of extraordinary events in the bio-based industrial symbiosis (BBIS) emerges as the main challenge addressed in this study. Complex systems theory, value chain dynamics, and the geographic economy constitute the best available frameworks to shed light on the aim of identifying the relationship between circular economy (CE) and viable value chains in BBIS. The Bazancourt-Pomacle biorefinery was selected as the case study to be analyzed at the mesoscale via System dynamics modelling. A scenario-based approach was adopted to identify the most required conditions to implement circularity in the sugar-beet value chain in BBIS. Three scenarios have been proposed up to 2027, the baseline scenario, the second scenario that considers the non-viable value chain scenario due to climate change effects, and the third showing an outstanding implementation of CE strategies (risk mitigation;production changeover, re-design of products and by-products, capacity buffers, and responsiveness) applied to face COVID19 outbreak is the most circular among the three. Finally, the third scenario also ensures the viability of the sugar beet value chain when facing the COVID19 outbreak by triggering leagility (leanness + agility), resilience, and survivability making the shift from bioethanol to alcohol production possible and therefore maintaining the value chain functionality.
ABSTRACT
This project has 3 aims: 1) Determine if different BCG produce variable amounts of AM and DG. 2) Determine if variations in AM and DGcorrelate with differential BCG activation of host innate and adaptive immunity. 3) Determine if modifications to culture media affects BCGAM and DG levels. In this reporting period, CP analysis of additional BCG strains (including the six strains initially proposed) led to theidentification of strains with significant defects in AM and DG production. The variations are more pronounced when BCG are cultured inSautons medium. Culturing in 7H9 medium results in increased AM production consistently for all BCG strains, while DG production isvariably increased among different BCG strains. Although variations in CP among BCG exist when cultured in 7H9, infection of macrophagecells with BCG cultured under the same condition induces pro-inflammatory responses that do not correlate with CP composition. As such,the relationship between CP composition and induction of innate immune responses may be more complex than initially perceived. We havealso discovered that culturing under low glycerol conditions uniformly increases AM production but variably increases DG production amongthe twelve BCG strains. Inclusion of additional exogenous cues to low glycerol, specifically lowered phosphate and SHX enhances AM andDG production in only some BCG strains. Collectively, the results of our investigation indicates that CP production is far more variable inBCG than previously appreciated and could certainly impact their effectiveness as vaccines. We have also discovered that CP production isnegatively regulated by glycerol as well as by low phosphate and SHX in some but not all BCG strains.
ABSTRACT
The article reports that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that getting alcohol-based hand sanitizer in the eyes from splashing or touching the eyes after use of hand sanitizer can result in serious injury. Topics include use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer during the COVID-19 pandemic;and alcohol-based hand sanitizer gets into a patient's eyes, urge them to rinse their eyes under gently running water or advise the patient to seek an urgent eye examination.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Due to the nationwide lockdown to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and subsequent alcohol ban in South Africa, several cases of toxic alcohol ingestion presented to our emergency unit. Many of these patients admitted to making home brews of alcohol while others simply use industrial toxic alcohols. The diagnosis of these poisonings is challenging as direct assays are not available in our setting. CASE REPORT: We present a case of presumed ethylene glycol poisoning that presented with persistent seizures and a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA). DISCUSSION: A high index of suspicion for toxic alcohol poisoning should be maintained in patients presenting with an altered mental status, seizures and a HAGMA. Indirect markers such as clinical features and laboratory results can lead to the diagnosis when direct assays are unavailable.
ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak causing the respiratory disease COVID-19 has left many chemists in academia without an obvious option to contribute to fighting the pandemic. Some of our recent experiences indicate that there are ways to overcome this dilemma. A three-pronged approach is proposed.